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A logical data model is an abstract concept in database development that describes the structure and relationships of data in a database at a conceptual level, without referring to the technical details of data storage or database management systems (DBMS). The logical data model defines how the data in a database is organised, what entities exist and how they relate to each other.
A logical data model typically contains the following elements:
Entities: These are objects or concepts represented in the database, such as customers, products or orders.
Attributes: Attributes are properties or characteristics associated with entities. For example, customer entities might have attributes such as first name, last name and phone number.
Relationships: Relationships describe how entities are related to each other. For example, a relationship can be defined between customers and orders to indicate which customer has placed which orders.
Keys: Keys define unique identifiers for entities. For example, the customer number can be used as a unique key for customers.
Integrity rules: Logical data models can also specify integrity rules to ensure that the data in the database is consistent and correct. These include, for example, rules on the validity of data and relationships.
Logical data models are used to plan and document the structure and design of a database. They provide an abstract, user-friendly view of the data that can be used by database developers, database administrators and other stakeholders to understand and communicate the requirements for the database before it is implemented at the physical level. A common tool for representing logical data models is the entity-relationship diagram (ER diagram).