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The Unternehmergesellschaft (haftungsbeschränkt) or UG (limited liability company) is a German legal form intended primarily for smaller companies with low start-up capital. The costs of starting and operating a UG can vary, much like a GmbH. Here are some of the typical cost items that may be incurred when forming and running a UG:
Formation costs:
Notary fees:
The formation of a UG requires the notarization of the articles of association by a notary public. The costs for this service can vary depending on the country and the capital of the UG. Registration costs:
The UG must be registered in the commercial register, which may involve fees.
Stock capital:
The UG requires a minimum share capital, which is, however, lower than that of a GmbH. The minimum share capital may differ depending on the country.
Advisory fees:
Legal and tax advice may be advisable and may be part of the costs of setting up and running a UG.
Office expenses:
Rent for business premises, office equipment, ongoing operating costs, etc. Personnel costs:
Salaries and social security contributions for employees, if applicable.
Taxes and duties:
The UG is subject to various taxes such as corporate income tax, trade tax and sales tax, depending on its activities and income.
Bookkeeping and accounting costs:
Costs for bookkeeping, financial statements, and possibly the services of a tax advisor. Insurance:
Depending on the nature of the business, various insurances may be necessary, e.g., liability insurance, business interruption insurance, etc.
Other costs:
Marketing and advertising, licensing fees, patent costs (if applicable), and other operating expenses.
As the UG is a specific German legal form, costs are highly dependent on German legislation and market conditions. It is recommended to seek professional advice to obtain accurate information on the costs of establishing and operating a UG in Germany.